ANAND CLASSES study material and notes explore the concepts of uniform and non-uniform motion with detailed explanations, examples, graphs, FAQs, MCQs, worksheets, and test papers. Perfect for JEE, NEET, and CBSE Class 11 exam preparation
Uniform and Non-Uniform Motion
Motion is the change in position of an object with time. The nature of motion can be classified as Uniform Motion and Non-Uniform Motion, depending on how the object moves with respect to time. Understanding these concepts is crucial for various applications in physics, including mechanics, kinematics, and real-world motion scenarios.
Uniform Motion
A body has uniform motion if it travels equal distances in equal intervals of time, no matter how small these intervals may be. This means that the speed of the object remains constant throughout its journey.
Example:
A car moving at a constant speed of 10 metres per second will cover equal distances of 10 metres every second. Hence, its motion is uniform.
Characteristics of Uniform Motion:
✔ Speed remains constant.
✔ Equal distances covered in equal time intervals.
✔ No acceleration or deceleration.
✔ Graphically represented by a straight-line distance-time graph.
Graph Representation:
The distance-time graph for uniform motion is a straight line. This indicates that the object’s velocity is constant and that there is no change in speed over time.
graph for a body having uniform
motion is a straight line.
Non-Uniform Motion
A body has non-uniform motion if it travels unequal distances in equal intervals of time. This means the speed of the object is changing over time, which leads to acceleration or deceleration.
Examples:
building travels unequal distances in equal
intervals of time. So, it has non-uniform motion
- A ball dropped from the roof of a building covers increasing distances as it falls:
- 4.9 m in the 1st second
- 14.7 m in the 2nd second
- 24.5 m in the 3rd second
- And so on…
- A train starting from a station moves short distances initially but covers larger distances later. As it slows down while approaching another station, the distance covered per second decreases.
Characteristics of Non-Uniform Motion:
✔ Speed changes over time (acceleration or deceleration).
✔ Unequal distances covered in equal time intervals.
✔ Graphically represented by a curved distance-time graph.
✔ It includes accelerated motion, such as freely falling bodies.
Graph Representation:
The distance-time graph for non-uniform motion is a curved line. This indicates changing velocity, meaning the object is either speeding up or slowing down.
for a body having non-uniform
motion is a curved line.
Key Point:
Non-uniform motion is also known as accelerated motion.
Exam-Oriented Question-Answer Format
FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
Q1: What is uniform motion?
- A: Uniform motion occurs when a body covers equal distances in equal intervals of time.
Q2: Give an example of uniform motion.
- A: A car moving at a constant speed of 10 m/s.
Q3: What is non-uniform motion?
- A: Motion where a body covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time.
Q4: What is the shape of the distance-time graph for uniform motion?
- A: A straight line.
Q5: What is the shape of the distance-time graph for non-uniform motion?
- A: A curved line.
MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions)
- A body is said to be in uniform motion when:
- (a) It covers equal distances in unequal time intervals
- (b) It covers equal distances in equal time intervals ✅
- (c) It covers unequal distances in equal time intervals
- (d) None of the above
- A freely falling ball exhibits:
- (a) Uniform motion
- (b) Non-uniform motion ✅
- (c) Rectilinear motion
- (d) None of these
- The distance-time graph of a non-uniform motion is:
- (a) A straight line
- (b) A curved line ✅
- (c) A horizontal line
- (d) None of these
Conceptual Questions
Q1: Why is the motion of a freely falling ball considered non-uniform motion?
- A: The ball accelerates due to gravity, covering increasing distances per second.
Q2: Can a moving train exhibit both uniform and non-uniform motion?
- A: Yes. It moves uniformly when at constant speed and non-uniformly while starting and stopping.
“Do You Know?” Facts
✅ Non-uniform motion is always accelerated motion!
✅ A straight-line graph always indicates uniform motion!
✅ All freely falling objects on Earth experience non-uniform motion due to gravity!
✅ Newton’s First Law states that an object in motion remains in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force!
Worksheet
Fill in the Blanks:
- The motion of a car moving at a constant speed is called ______ motion. (Uniform)
- A freely falling body is an example of ______ motion. (Non-uniform)
- The distance-time graph for uniform motion is a ______ line. (Straight)
- Non-uniform motion is also called ______ motion. (Accelerated)
Short Answer Questions:
- Define uniform motion.
- Explain with an example why a train has non-uniform motion while starting.
- Why is the distance-time graph of non-uniform motion a curved line?
Test Paper
Total Marks: 10 | Time: 20 minutes
Section A: (MCQs – 3 Marks)
- A car moving at constant speed has:
- (a) Uniform motion
- (b) Non-uniform motion
- (c) Random motion
- (d) None of these
- Which of the following graphs represents uniform motion?
- (a) Straight line
- (b) Curved line
- (c) Zig-zag line
- (d) None of these
- A freely falling object has:
- (a) Increasing speed
- (b) Constant speed
- (c) Decreasing speed
- (d) None of these
Section B: (Short Answer – 3 Marks)
- Define non-uniform motion and give an example.
- How can we determine whether a body has uniform or non-uniform motion?
Section C: (Long Answer – 4 Marks)
- Explain with an example and graph, the difference between uniform and non-uniform motion.
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