Relationship between Animals and Human Beings for Class 6 Sainik School Exam AISSEE Notes Study Material

Explore the deep relationship between animals and human beings with detailed Q&A for AISSEE preparation. Learn about animal roles, adaptations, conservation, food chains, migration, and more. Get complete All India Sainik School Entrance Exam Class VI (AISSEE) study material from Anand Classes

The relationship between animals and human beings has existed for thousands of years. Humans depend on animals for food, transportation, companionship, and protection, while animals benefit from human care and conservation efforts. Let’s explore this relationship through important questions and answers.

Relationship between Animals and Human Beings – All India Sainik School Entrance Exam Class VI Question-Answer Format

Q1. How have animals helped humans in daily life?

Ans: Animals play a crucial role in human life in multiple ways:

1. Transportation and Labor:
   • Horses, camels, and donkeys are used for transportation, especially in rural and desert areas.
   • Elephants have been traditionally used for carrying heavy loads in forests and mountainous regions.
2. Agriculture and Farming:
   • Oxen and buffaloes help in plowing fields, making farming more efficient.
   • Cows provide milk, which is an important source of nutrition.
3. Security and Protection:
   • Dogs are trained to guard homes, farms, and even serve in police and military forces.
   • Some animals, like geese, act as natural alarms by making loud noises when they sense danger.
4. Companionship and Emotional Support:
   • Pets like dogs, cats, rabbits, and birds provide companionship and emotional support to humans.
   • Therapy animals help people suffering from mental health issues like stress, anxiety, and depression.
5. Medical Research and Scientific Advancements:
   • Some animals are used in scientific research to develop new medicines and treatments for diseases.
   • Leeches and maggots are still used in some medical therapies for their healing properties.

Q2. Why is it important to protect animals?

Ans: Protecting animals is essential for several reasons:

1. Maintaining Ecological Balance:
   • Animals help maintain a stable environment. For example, predators like lions and tigers control the population of herbivores, preventing overgrazing.
2. Preventing Extinction of Species:
   • Many animals are endangered due to deforestation, hunting, and pollution. If they become extinct, it can disrupt the food chain and ecosystem.
3. Supporting Human Needs:
   • Animals provide food, clothing (wool, silk, leather), and medicines. Their loss would negatively impact human life.
4. Preserving Biodiversity:
   • Each species has a unique role in nature. Protecting them ensures that future generations can benefit from their existence.
5. Moral Responsibility:
   • Animals are living beings with feelings and pain. It is our duty to treat them with kindness and respect.

Q3. What are some examples of mutual relationships between humans and animals?

Ans: Humans and animals share mutual benefits in various ways:

1. Dogs and Humans:
   • Dogs provide protection, companionship, and help in police work, while humans give them food, shelter, and medical care.
2. Bees and Humans:
   • Bees pollinate crops, helping in agriculture, and humans protect them by maintaining bee farms for honey production.
3. Cattle and Humans:
   • Cows and buffaloes provide milk, which is used to make dairy products. In return, humans take care of their health and nutrition.
4. Horses and Humans:
   • Horses are used for transportation, sports, and therapy. In return, humans provide them with food and care.

Q4. How do animals contribute to the environment?

Ans: Animals play a vital role in maintaining environmental health:

1. Pollination:
   • Insects like bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds pollinate flowers, allowing plants to grow fruits and seeds.
2. Soil Fertility:
   • Earthworms and other decomposers break down dead plants and animals, enriching the soil with nutrients.
3. Controlling Pests:
   • Birds like owls and bats help control the population of insects and rodents.
4. Cleaning Ecosystems:
   • Scavengers like vultures and hyenas feed on dead animals, preventing the spread of diseases.
5. Marine Life and Oceans:
   • Coral reefs provide shelter to thousands of marine species, keeping the ocean’s ecosystem balanced.

Q5. What are some ways humans can ensure animal welfare?

Ans: Humans can help animals by adopting the following measures:

1. Avoiding Hunting and Poaching:
   • Illegal hunting of animals for fur, tusks, or skin should be strictly prohibited. Laws must be enforced to protect endangered species.
2. Providing Proper Shelter and Food:
   • Domesticated animals should be given clean water, nutritious food, and a safe place to live.
3. Supporting Wildlife Conservation Programs:
   • National parks and wildlife sanctuaries should be protected to provide a safe habitat for wild animals.
4. Reducing Pollution:
   • Industrial and plastic waste harms marine life. Reducing waste and proper disposal of chemicals can prevent water and land pollution.
5. Raising Awareness:
   • Schools and organizations should educate people about the importance of animals and ways to protect them.

Do You Know?

📌 An elephant’s memory is so strong that it can remember places and people even after decades!

📌 Dolphins are one of the most intelligent animals and can recognize themselves in a mirror.

📌 Ants can carry objects that are 50 times heavier than their own body weight!

📌 Octopuses have three hearts and their blood is blue in color.

Test Your Knowledge (Quiz)

Q6. How have animals contributed to human history and culture?

Ans: Animals have played an essential role in shaping human history and culture in various ways:

1. Symbols and Religious Beliefs:
   • Many ancient civilizations worshipped animals. For example, in Hinduism, cows are considered sacred, and in Egyptian mythology, cats were worshipped.
   • The eagle is a national symbol in countries like the USA and Germany, representing strength and freedom.
2. War and Defense:
   • Horses, elephants, and camels were used in battles in ancient times for transportation and combat.
   • Pigeons were used to carry messages during wars before modern communication was developed.
3. Folktales and Literature:
   • Animals appear in famous stories and moral tales, such as “The Panchatantra” and “Aesop’s Fables,” to teach life lessons.
4. Festivals and Traditions:
   • Many cultures celebrate festivals related to animals, like Nag Panchami (worship of snakes in India) and Chinese New Year, which follows the zodiac animal cycle.

Q7. How do humans benefit from domestic animals?

Ans: Domestic animals are raised and cared for by humans for various benefits:

1. Milk and Dairy Products:
   • Cows, buffaloes, and goats provide milk, which is used to make butter, cheese, and yogurt.
2. Meat and Eggs:
   • Chickens, goats, and fish are common sources of meat and eggs, which provide essential proteins and nutrients.
3. Wool and Fibers:
   • Sheep provide wool, which is used to make warm clothes. Silkworms produce silk, an important textile material.
4. Agriculture and Farming:
   • Bulls, oxen, and horses help in plowing fields, while dogs help in herding livestock like sheep.
5. Companion and Therapy Animals:
   • Dogs and cats serve as companions and therapy animals for people with disabilities and emotional stress.

Q8. What are some endangered animal species, and why are they at risk?

Ans: Some animals are at risk of extinction due to habitat loss, hunting, and climate change. Examples include:

1. Tiger: Hunted for its skin and body parts, and its natural habitat is shrinking due to deforestation.
2. Panda: Lives in bamboo forests, which are being destroyed due to human activities.
3. Rhino: Poached for its horn, which is falsely believed to have medicinal properties.
4. Sea Turtles: Affected by ocean pollution and illegal egg harvesting.
5. Polar Bears: Losing their habitat due to global warming and melting ice caps.

Efforts to Save Endangered Species:

• Creating national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.
• Banning hunting and trading of endangered animals.
• Conducting breeding programs to increase their population.

Q9. What is the impact of pollution on animals?

Ans: Pollution severely affects both wild and domestic animals in multiple ways:

1. Air Pollution:
   • Causes respiratory diseases in birds and animals due to smoke and toxic gases from factories and vehicles.
2. Water Pollution:
   • Industrial waste, plastic, and oil spills poison marine animals like fish, turtles, and dolphins.
   • Polluted water can cause diseases in animals that drink from contaminated sources.
3. Land Pollution:
   • Plastics and garbage harm animals when they mistakenly eat them, leading to choking or poisoning.
   • Deforestation and urbanization destroy animal habitats, forcing them to move or die.
4. Noise Pollution:
   • Loud noises from fireworks, industries, and traffic disturb animals, affecting their reproduction and survival.

Solutions to Reduce Pollution:

• Reduce plastic use and dispose of waste properly.
• Use eco-friendly fuels and avoid unnecessary use of firecrackers.
• Protect forests and water bodies from human activities.

Q10. What are the different types of animals based on their diet?

Ans: Animals can be classified based on what they eat:

1. Herbivores (Plant-eaters):
   • Eat only plants, grass, and leaves. Example: Cow, deer, giraffe, rabbit.
2. Carnivores (Meat-eaters):
   • Eat other animals for survival. Example: Lion, tiger, wolf, eagle.
3. Omnivores (Both plants and meat-eaters):
   • Eat both plants and animals. Example: Bear, human, crow, hen.
4. Scavengers (Eat dead animals):
   • Help in cleaning the environment by feeding on dead organisms. Example: Vulture, hyena, jackal.
5. Decomposers (Break down dead matter):
   • Convert dead animals and plants into nutrients for soil. Example: Earthworms, fungi, bacteria.

Q11. How do animals communicate with each other?

Ans: Animals communicate in different ways to express emotions, warn of danger, or attract mates:

1. Sounds and Calls:
   • Birds chirp to call their mates or signal danger.
   • Dogs bark to warn their owners or show excitement.
   • Dolphins and whales use unique sounds to talk to each other underwater.
2. Body Language:
   • Cats arch their backs when scared.
   • Dogs wag their tails when happy.
   • Peacocks spread their feathers to attract mates.
3. Scent Marking:
   • Tigers and wolves mark their territory with scent to warn other animals.
   • Ants leave scent trails to guide other ants to food.
4. Color Changes:
   • Chameleons change color to camouflage and avoid predators.
   • Fireflies use bioluminescence (glowing light) to attract mates.

Do You Know?

📌 A dog’s sense of smell is 40 times stronger than a human’s!

📌 A blue whale’s heart is as large as a small car!

📌 Some fish can change gender depending on environmental conditions!

📌 Parrots can imitate human speech and understand words!

Q12. How do animals help in disaster management and rescue operations?

Ans: Animals play a crucial role in disaster management and rescue operations in several ways:

1. Search and Rescue Dogs:
   • Trained dogs are used to locate missing persons in earthquakes, floods, and landslides.
   • They can detect human scent even under debris.
2. Therapy and Emotional Support Animals:
   • After disasters, therapy animals help people recover from trauma and stress.
3. Mounted Police (Horses):
   • Horses help in controlling crowds and reaching difficult areas during natural disasters.
4. Dolphins and Seals:
   • Dolphins are trained to locate underwater mines and assist in sea rescue operations.
5. Carrier Pigeons:
   • Historically, pigeons were used to deliver messages during emergencies and wars.

Q13. What is the role of animals in modern medicine and therapy?

Ans: Animals contribute to human health in the following ways:

1. Biomedical Research:
   • Animals like mice, rabbits, and monkeys are used to test new medicines and vaccines before they are given to humans.
   • The polio vaccine was developed using research on monkeys.
2. Production of Medicines:
   • Leeches are used in medicine for blood circulation improvement.
   • Snake venom is used to make life-saving anti-venom for snake bites.
3. Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT):
   • Dogs, horses, and dolphins are used in therapy for people suffering from depression, autism, or PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder).
4. Guide and Assistance Animals:
   • Dogs help blind and disabled individuals in daily activities.

Q14. How do animals adapt to different environments?

Ans: Animals have special adaptations to survive in their habitats:

1. Cold Climates (Polar Regions):
   • Polar bears have thick fur and a layer of fat to keep warm.
   • Penguins huddle together to conserve body heat.
2. Hot and Dry Deserts:
   • Camels store fat in their humps and can survive without water for long periods.
   • Fennec foxes have large ears to release body heat and stay cool.
3. Forests and Grasslands:
   • Tigers and leopards have striped fur for camouflage.
   • Deer and rabbits have long legs to run fast and escape predators.
4. Oceans and Rivers:
   • Fish have gills to breathe underwater.
   • Dolphins use echolocation to find food in deep waters.
5. Mountains:
   • Yaks have long hair to protect them from cold temperatures.
   • Snow leopards have thick fur and strong legs to climb steep rocks.

Q15. What are some unusual relationships between animals and humans?

Ans: Some animals form unique relationships with humans, such as:

1. Dolphins Saving Humans:
   • There are many reports of dolphins guiding lost swimmers back to shore or protecting them from sharks.
2. Crows and Humans:
   • Crows can recognize human faces and sometimes bring small gifts to people who feed them.
3. Cats Predicting Illness:
   • Some cats can detect illnesses in humans, such as seizures, by sensing chemical changes in the body.
4. Elephants Mourning Humans:
   • Elephants have been observed mourning the death of their human caretakers.

Q16. How do animals help in agriculture and farming?

Ans: Animals play an important role in farming and agriculture in various ways:

1. Plowing Fields:
   • Oxen and buffaloes help plow fields, especially in rural areas.
2. Producing Organic Fertilizers:
   • Cow dung is used as manure to improve soil fertility.
   • Earthworms help in composting and making the soil rich in nutrients.
3. Controlling Pests:
   • Birds, frogs, and certain insects eat harmful pests that damage crops.
4. Pollination:
   • Bees and butterflies help in pollinating flowers, which is essential for growing fruits and vegetables.

Q17. What are some laws and organizations that protect animals?

Ans: Many laws and organizations work to protect animals from cruelty and extinction:

1. Laws for Animal Protection:
   • Wildlife Protection Act (1972 – India): Protects endangered species from hunting and habitat destruction.
   • Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act (1960 – India): Prevents abuse and cruelty towards animals.
   • Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES): Regulates the trade of rare animals and plants globally.
2. Organizations that Help Animals:
   • World Wildlife Fund (WWF): Works for wildlife conservation and reducing deforestation.
   • PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals): Fights against animal cruelty and promotes veganism.
   • UNESCO and IUCN: Work for the protection of endangered species.

Q18. What are some famous animal heroes in history?

Ans: Some animals have become famous for their bravery and loyalty:

1. Balto (Dog):
   • In 1925, Balto led a team of sled dogs to deliver life-saving medicine to a town in Alaska.
2. Cher Ami (Pigeon):
   • A messenger pigeon used during World War I to carry important messages.
3. Hachiko (Dog):
   • A Japanese dog known for his loyalty, waiting for his owner at the train station every day for years after his owner’s death.
4. Sergeant Reckless (Horse):
   • A horse that served in the Korean War and carried heavy ammunition.
5. Togo (Dog):
   • A Siberian husky that helped deliver medicine through harsh snow conditions, saving lives.

Do You Know?

📌 Sharks existed before dinosaurs! They have been around for over 400 million years.

📌 Some turtles can live for more than 150 years!

📌 A baby kangaroo (Joey) stays inside its mother’s pouch for 6-9 months!

📌 Octopuses have blue blood and three hearts!

📌 Bats are the only mammals that can fly!

Q19. How do animals help in crime detection and law enforcement?

Ans: Animals assist law enforcement agencies in various ways:

1. Police Dogs (K9 Units):
   • Specially trained dogs, such as German Shepherds and Belgian Malinois, help detect drugs, explosives, and criminals.
   • They assist in tracking missing persons and escaped prisoners.
2. Sniffer Dogs at Airports and Borders:
   • Dogs help customs officers detect illegal substances, weapons, and smuggled goods.
3. Horses in Mounted Police:
   • Horses are used in mounted police forces to patrol large crowds and maintain law and order.
4. Dolphins in Naval Security:
   • The military trains dolphins to detect underwater mines and protect harbors.

Q20. What is the role of animals in the food chain?

Ans: Animals play different roles in the food chain to maintain ecological balance:

1. Producers (Plants):
   • Plants make their food through photosynthesis and provide energy to herbivores.
2. Primary Consumers (Herbivores):
   • Animals like cows, deer, and rabbits eat plants for survival.
3. Secondary Consumers (Carnivores):
   • Carnivorous animals such as lions, tigers, and snakes eat herbivores.
4. Tertiary Consumers (Top Predators):
   • These are animals that have no natural enemies, like eagles and sharks.
5. Decomposers:
   • Fungi, bacteria, and earthworms break down dead animals and plants, returning nutrients to the soil.

Example of a Simple Food Chain:
Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake → Eagle

Q21. How do animals help in maintaining biodiversity?

Ans: Animals contribute to biodiversity in several ways:

1. Seed Dispersal:
   • Birds and monkeys eat fruits and spread seeds through their droppings, helping plants grow in new areas.
2. Pollination:
   • Bees, butterflies, and bats help in pollinating flowers, essential for plant reproduction.
3. Controlling Pest Populations:
   • Frogs, lizards, and birds eat harmful insects, reducing damage to crops.
4. Soil Fertility:
   • Earthworms and decomposers enrich the soil by breaking down dead plants and animals.
5. Maintaining Predator-Prey Balance:
   • Predators like lions and wolves control the population of herbivores, preventing overgrazing.

Q22. What are the major threats faced by wild animals today?

Ans: Wild animals face several threats due to human activities and environmental changes:

1. Deforestation:
   • Large-scale cutting of forests destroys animal habitats and forces them to migrate.
2. Poaching and Illegal Hunting:
   • Animals like tigers, rhinos, and elephants are hunted for their skin, horns, or tusks.
3. Pollution:
   • Water pollution affects marine animals, while air and land pollution harm birds and land animals.
4. Climate Change:
   • Rising temperatures, melting glaciers, and changing rainfall patterns affect animal survival.
5. Urbanization:
   • Expansion of cities leads to loss of forests and wetlands, reducing animal living spaces.
6. Overfishing:
   • Excessive fishing reduces the population of fish and disrupts ocean ecosystems.

Ways to Protect Wild Animals:

• Establishing national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.
• Enforcing strict anti-poaching laws.
• Reducing deforestation and industrial pollution.

Q23. What is the role of pets in human life?

Ans: Pets provide several benefits to humans, including:

1. Emotional Support and Companionship:
   • Dogs, cats, rabbits, and birds provide friendship and reduce loneliness.
2. Physical and Mental Health Benefits:
   • Playing with pets reduces stress, anxiety, and high blood pressure.
   • Dogs encourage physical activity by requiring regular walks.
3. Security and Protection:
   • Guard dogs protect homes and alert owners to dangers.
4. Helping People with Disabilities:
   • Guide dogs help blind individuals navigate their surroundings.
5. Training and Bonding:
   • Owning a pet teaches responsibility, discipline, and care.

Q24. What is animal migration, and why do animals migrate?

Ans: Animal migration is the seasonal movement of animals from one place to another in search of food, better climate, or breeding grounds.

Reasons for Migration:

1. Climate Change:
   • Birds like Siberian Cranes migrate to warmer regions during winter.
2. Food Availability:
   • Wildebeests in Africa travel long distances to find fresh grass.
3. Breeding and Nesting:
   • Sea turtles return to the beaches where they were born to lay eggs.
4. Avoiding Predators:
   • Some fish and insects migrate to safer areas to avoid being eaten.

Examples of Migratory Animals:

• Arctic Tern (Bird) – Travels the longest migration route from the Arctic to Antarctica.
• Monarch Butterflies – Fly thousands of kilometers to warmer regions.
• Salmon – Migrate from rivers to oceans and back for breeding.

Q25. What are symbiotic relationships between animals?

Ans: A symbiotic relationship is a close relationship between two species where both or one of them benefit.

Types of Symbiotic Relationships:

1. Mutualism (Both benefit):
   • Bees and flowers – Bees get nectar, and flowers get pollinated.
   • Oxpecker birds and rhinos – Birds eat pests on rhinos, keeping them clean.
2. Commensalism (One benefits, the other is unaffected):
   • Barnacles on whales – Barnacles get a free ride, but the whale is not affected.
3. Parasitism (One benefits, the other is harmed):
   • Mosquitoes and humans – Mosquitoes suck blood, harming humans.
   • Tapeworms inside animals – Take nutrients from the host’s body.

Q26. How can students help protect animals and the environment?

Ans: Students can take small steps to make a big difference in animal conservation:

1. Avoid Using Plastic:
   • Reduce plastic waste to prevent harm to marine animals.
2. Plant More Trees:
   • Trees provide shelter for birds, insects, and small animals.
3. Support Animal Shelters:
   • Donate food, blankets, or volunteer at animal shelters.
4. Be Kind to Stray Animals:
   • Provide water and food to street dogs and cats, especially in summers.
5. Spread Awareness:
   • Educate friends and family about the importance of wildlife conservation.
6. Participate in Environmental Programs:
   • Join campaigns like tree planting, beach clean-ups, and wildlife protection programs.

Do You Know?

📌 Elephants can “hear” through their feet! They sense vibrations in the ground from long distances.

📌 A cheetah can accelerate from 0 to 60 km/h in just 3 seconds!

📌 Some frogs can freeze in winter and thaw back to life in spring!

📌 Sloths move so slowly that algae grow on their fur!

📌 A group of crows is called a “murder,” and a group of owls is called a “parliament”!

Q27. What are the different types of animal habitats?

Ans: Animals live in different habitats based on their adaptations and survival needs. Some common habitats include:

1. Forest Habitat:
   • Animals: Tigers, elephants, monkeys, deer, snakes.
   • Adaptations: Camouflage for protection, climbing ability for trees.
2. Desert Habitat:
   • Animals: Camels, lizards, scorpions, snakes.
   • Adaptations: Ability to store water, withstand extreme heat.
3. Aquatic Habitat (Oceans, Rivers, Lakes):
   • Animals: Fish, whales, dolphins, frogs, turtles.
   • Adaptations: Gills for breathing underwater, streamlined bodies for swimming.
4. Mountain Habitat:
   • Animals: Snow leopards, yaks, eagles, bears.
   • Adaptations: Thick fur for warmth, strong hooves for climbing rocks.
5. Grassland Habitat:
   • Animals: Lions, zebras, giraffes, kangaroos.
   • Adaptations: Fast running ability to escape predators, long necks to reach food.
6. Polar Habitat:
   • Animals: Polar bears, penguins, seals, Arctic foxes.
   • Adaptations: Thick fur, fat layers to stay warm, white fur for camouflage.

Q28. What are cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals?

Ans: Animals are classified into two types based on their body temperature control:

1. Cold-blooded Animals (Ectothermic):
   • Their body temperature changes according to the environment.
   • Examples: Fish, reptiles (snakes, lizards), amphibians (frogs).
   • They become inactive in extreme temperatures (hibernation in winter, estivation in summer).
2. Warm-blooded Animals (Endothermic):
   • They maintain a constant body temperature regardless of the environment.
   • Examples: Mammals (tigers, elephants, humans) and birds (eagles, parrots).
   • They have adaptations like sweating or shivering to regulate body temperature.

Q29. How do animals use camouflage for survival?

Ans: Camouflage helps animals blend into their surroundings to avoid predators or catch prey.

1. Color Camouflage:
   • Chameleons change their skin color to blend with their surroundings.
   • Arctic foxes and polar bears have white fur to match snow-covered regions.
2. Pattern Camouflage:
   • Tigers and zebras have striped patterns to blend with grass and trees.
3. Mimicry:
   • Some harmless animals look like dangerous ones to scare predators.
   • Example: Some butterflies mimic poisonous species to avoid being eaten.
4. Disruptive Coloration:
   • Some animals have patterns that break up their outline, making it difficult for predators to spot them.
   • Example: Leopards have spots to blend into trees and bushes.

Q30. What are nocturnal and diurnal animals?

Ans: Animals are categorized based on their activity patterns:

1. Nocturnal Animals (Active at Night):
   • Examples: Owls, bats, foxes, hedgehogs.
   • Adaptations: Sharp night vision, good hearing, silent movement.
2. Diurnal Animals (Active During the Day):
   • Examples: Squirrels, eagles, elephants, butterflies.
   • Adaptations: Clear daytime vision, strong sense of smell, social behavior.
3. Crepuscular Animals (Active During Dawn and Dusk):
   • Examples: Deer, rabbits, fireflies.
   • Adaptations: Good vision in dim light, fast running to avoid predators.

Q31. What are extinct, endangered, and vulnerable species?

Ans: Animals are classified based on their population status:

1. Extinct Species:
   • These animals no longer exist on Earth.
   • Examples: Dinosaurs, dodo, woolly mammoth.
2. Endangered Species:
   • These animals are at risk of extinction due to habitat loss or hunting.
   • Examples: Bengal tiger, snow leopard, orangutan.
3. Vulnerable Species:
   • These animals are decreasing in number and may become endangered.
   • Examples: Giant panda, polar bear, blue whale.
4. Critically Endangered Species:
   • Species on the verge of extinction.
   • Examples: Javan rhino, Amur leopard.
5. Conservation Measures:
   • Establishing wildlife sanctuaries and national parks.
   • Strict laws against hunting and deforestation.
   • Breeding programs for endangered species.

Q32. What is hibernation and estivation?

Ans: Some animals undergo deep sleep-like states to survive extreme conditions:

1. Hibernation (Winter Sleep):
   • Animals sleep for long periods during winter to conserve energy.
   • Examples: Bears, hedgehogs, frogs, bats.
   • They slow their metabolism and live off stored body fat.
2. Estivation (Summer Sleep):
   • Animals rest during hot and dry conditions to avoid dehydration.
   • Examples: Snails, lungfish, desert frogs.
   • They burrow underground or hide in cool places.

Q33. How do animals show emotions and intelligence?

Ans: Many animals display emotions and problem-solving skills similar to humans:

1. Elephants:
   • Show grief when a member of their herd dies.
   • Help injured family members.
2. Dogs and Cats:
   • Express happiness by wagging tails or purring.
   • Recognize their owners and understand human emotions.
3. Dolphins:
   • Communicate using sounds and body gestures.
   • Work together to hunt fish.
4. Chimpanzees and Gorillas:
   • Use tools like sticks to catch insects or break nuts.
   • Recognize themselves in mirrors, showing self-awareness.
5. Crows and Ravens:
   • Solve puzzles to get food.
   • Remember human faces and hold grudges against those who harm them.

Q34. How can children contribute to wildlife conservation?

Ans: Children can help protect animals and nature by:

1. Not Using Plastic Bags:
   • Avoiding plastic helps marine animals that mistakenly eat plastic waste.
2. Planting Trees:
   • Trees provide homes for birds and insects.
3. Feeding Birds and Stray Animals:
   • Providing food and water for animals, especially in summer.
4. Avoiding Animal Abuse:
   • Being kind to animals and reporting cruelty to authorities.
5. Participating in Nature Clubs and Conservation Programs:
   • Learning more about wildlife and spreading awareness.
6. Supporting Wildlife Sanctuaries:
   • Visiting eco-friendly places instead of zoos with poor animal care.

Do You Know?

📌 A group of flamingos is called a “flamboyance”!

📌 Butterflies can taste with their feet!

📌 Cows have best friends and feel stressed when separated!

📌 A single honeybee visits about 50-100 flowers in one trip!

📌 Some turtles can breathe through their butts!

Q35. What are domesticated animals, and how do they help humans?

Ans: Domesticated animals are animals that have been tamed and bred by humans for various purposes, such as food, work, or companionship.

1. Livestock Animals (Farm Animals):
   • Cows, Buffaloes, and Goats: Provide milk, meat, and leather.
   • Sheep: Provide wool for making warm clothes.
   • Chickens and Ducks: Provide eggs and meat.
2. Working Animals:
   • Oxen and Horses: Used for farming and transportation.
   • Camels and Donkeys: Help carry loads in deserts and mountainous areas.
3. Pet Animals:
   • Dogs and Cats: Provide companionship, security, and emotional support.
   • Parrots and Rabbits: Kept as pets for entertainment and friendship.
4. Service Animals:
   • Guide Dogs: Help visually impaired people navigate their surroundings.
   • Therapy Animals: Used to comfort sick or elderly individuals in hospitals and care centers.

Q36. What is the importance of national parks and wildlife sanctuaries?

Ans: National parks and wildlife sanctuaries are protected areas where animals and plants are conserved in their natural habitat.

Importance:

1. Protect Endangered Species:
   • Provides a safe environment for animals like tigers, rhinos, and elephants.
2. Preserve Biodiversity:
   • Maintains ecological balance by protecting different species.
3. Prevent Poaching and Hunting:
   • Strict laws prevent illegal activities like poaching and deforestation.
4. Tourism and Education:
   • Visitors learn about wildlife and the importance of conservation.
5. Examples in India:
   • Jim Corbett National Park (Uttarakhand) – Famous for Bengal tigers.
   • Kaziranga National Park (Assam) – Home to the one-horned rhinoceros.
   • Sundarbans National Park (West Bengal) – Known for Royal Bengal tigers and mangrove forests.

Q37. What is deforestation, and how does it affect animals?

Ans: Deforestation is the cutting down of trees on a large scale, which destroys animal habitats.

Effects of Deforestation on Animals:

1. Loss of Habitat:
   • Many animals lose their homes and food sources, forcing them to migrate or face extinction.
2. Increase in Human-Wildlife Conflicts:
   • As forests shrink, wild animals enter human settlements in search of food, leading to conflicts.
3. Climate Change:
   • Trees absorb carbon dioxide; without them, global temperatures rise, affecting animals’ natural environments.
4. Extinction of Species:
   • Many animals like orangutans, tigers, and pandas are endangered due to deforestation.
5. Disruption of the Food Chain:
   • When trees are cut, herbivores lose food, affecting carnivores as well.

Solutions to Prevent Deforestation:

• Plant more trees (afforestation and reforestation).
• Reduce paper and wood usage.
• Support conservation programs.

Q38. What is the difference between herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores?

Ans: Animals are classified based on their diet:

Q39. How do birds migrate, and why do they do it?

Ans: Bird migration is the seasonal movement of birds from one place to another, usually for better climate, food, and breeding.

1. Why Birds Migrate?
   • To escape extreme cold or heat.
   • To find food and water.
   • To lay eggs and raise young in safer environments.
2. Examples of Migratory Birds:
   • Siberian Crane: Travels from Siberia to India during winter.
   • Arctic Tern: Travels from the Arctic to the Antarctic (longest migration).
   • Flamingos: Migrate to India’s wetlands for breeding.
3. How Birds Migrate?
   • Birds use the position of the sun, stars, and Earth’s magnetic field to navigate.
   • Some birds store extra fat to survive long flights.

Q40. What are food webs and food chains?

Ans:

1. Food Chain:
   • A simple sequence showing how energy flows from one organism to another.
   • Example:
     Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake → Eagle
2. Food Web:
   • A complex network of multiple interconnected food chains in an ecosystem.
   • Example: A frog may eat grasshoppers, but it can also be eaten by snakes and birds.

Importance of Food Chains and Food Webs:

• Maintain balance in the ecosystem.
• Show how different species are interconnected.
• Help in understanding how energy flows in nature.

Q41. How do animals survive in extreme environments?

Ans: Animals have special adaptations to survive in harsh conditions:

1. Polar Regions (Extreme Cold):
   • Polar bears have thick fur and fat layers to stay warm.
   • Penguins huddle together to keep body heat.
2. Deserts (Extreme Heat and Dryness):
   • Camels store water in their humps.
   • Fennec foxes have large ears to release heat.
3. Deep Ocean (High Pressure and No Light):
   • Anglerfish have bioluminescent lights to attract prey.
   • Whales store oxygen in their muscles for deep dives.
4. High Altitudes (Low Oxygen):
   • Yaks have large lungs to absorb more oxygen.
   • Snow leopards have thick fur to stay warm.

Q42. Why is it important to prevent cruelty to animals?

Ans: Preventing cruelty to animals is important because:

1. Animals Feel Pain and Emotions:
   • They experience fear, joy, and sadness, just like humans.
2. Protecting Biodiversity:
   • Every species has a role in the ecosystem.
3. Ethical and Moral Responsibility:
   • Humans have a duty to care for and respect all living beings.
4. Legal Protection:
   • Many countries have laws against animal abuse and illegal poaching.
5. How to Prevent Animal Cruelty?
   • Report animal abuse and illegal hunting.
   • Avoid buying products made from animal skin, fur, or ivory.
   • Adopt pets instead of buying them from unethical breeders.

Do You Know?

📌 Honey never spoils! Archaeologists found 3,000-year-old honey in Egyptian tombs, and it was still edible!

📌 A shrimp’s heart is in its head!

📌 Kangaroos can’t walk backward!

📌 Giraffes only need 30 minutes to 2 hours of sleep per day!

📌 The fingerprints of koalas are almost identical to human fingerprints!

Buy Complete Study Material

📚 Get the full AISSEE Study Material at Anand Classes

🔹 Proprietor: NIRMAL ANAND Educations
✍️ Author: Neeraj Anand
🏢 Published by: Anand Technical Publishers (Under Anand Classes)
📞 Contact: +91-9463138669
📧 Email: anandclasses1996@gmail.com