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National Symbols of India
1. National Flag
- Designed by Pingali Venkaiah of Andhra Pradesh.
- Adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 22nd July 1947.
- Ratio between length and breadth is 3:2.
- Comprises three colors: Saffron, White, and Green.
- Ashoka Chakra in the middle (blue, 24 spokes).
2. National Emblem
- Taken from the Sarnath Pillar of Ashoka (Varanasi).
- Adopted by Government of India on 26th January 1950.
- Motto: “Satyameva Jayate” (written in Devanagari script, taken from Mundaka Upanishad).
3. National Anthem
- Written by Rabindranath Tagore.
- Recitation period: 52 seconds.
- First sung in Calcutta Congress Session on 27th December 1911.
- Adopted by Constituent Assembly on 24th January 1950.
4. National Song
- “Vande Mataram”, taken from Anandmath by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee.
- First sung at Kolkata Session of Congress in 1896.
- Officially adopted on 24th January 1950.
5. National Calendar
- Based on Saka Era.
- First month: Chaitra.
- Normal year: 365 days, along with Gregorian calendar.
- Adopted by Central Government on 22nd March 1957.
6. National Animal
- Royal Bengal Tiger (Panthera Tigris).
- Eight species exist worldwide.
7. National Bird
- Indian Peacock (Pavo Cristatus).
- Fully protected under Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
8. Other National Symbols
| National Symbol | Representation |
|---|---|
| National Tree | Indian Banyan |
| National Aquatic Animal | River Dolphin |
| National River | Ganga |
| National Fruit | Mango |
| National Flower | Lotus |
| National Heritage Animal | Indian Elephant |
| National Reptile | King Cobra |
FAQs on National Symbols
Q1. Who designed the National Flag of India?
A: The National Flag was designed by Pingali Venkaiah of Andhra Pradesh.
Q2. What is the motto inscribed in the National Emblem?
A: “Satyameva Jayate”, taken from the Mundaka Upanishad.
Q3. How long does it take to recite the National Anthem?
A: The National Anthem takes 52 seconds to recite.
Q4. What is the significance of the Ashoka Chakra in the National Flag?
A: The Ashoka Chakra in the middle represents progress and righteousness.
Q5. Which animal is declared as the National Heritage Animal of India?
A: The Indian Elephant is the National Heritage Animal.
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) on National Symbols
1. Who wrote the National Anthem of India?
A) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
B) Rabindranath Tagore
C) Pingali Venkaiah
D) Mahatma Gandhi
Answer: B) Rabindranath Tagore
Explanation: He wrote “Jana Gana Mana”, which was adopted as the National Anthem.
2. When was the National Flag adopted?
A) 15th August 1947
B) 22nd July 1947
C) 26th January 1950
D) 27th December 1911
Answer: B) 22nd July 1947
Explanation: The Constituent Assembly adopted the National Flag on 22nd July 1947.
3. What is the National Flower of India?
A) Rose
B) Lotus
C) Jasmine
D) Sunflower
Answer: B) Lotus
Explanation: Lotus is the National Flower of India, representing purity and beauty.
4. Which script is used in the inscription on the National Emblem?
A) Sanskrit
B) Devanagari
C) Tamil
D) Telugu
Answer: B) Devanagari
Explanation: The phrase “Satyameva Jayate” is written in Devanagari script.
5. What is the National Animal of India?
A) Lion
B) Elephant
C) Tiger
D) Leopard
Answer: C) Tiger
Explanation: The Royal Bengal Tiger is the National Animal of India.
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