Prepare for the All India Sainik Schools Entrance Examination (AISSEE) Class 6 GK section with multiple-choice questions of Anand Classes on natural calamities like floods and earthquakes. Each question includes a detailed explanation, helping students build strong general knowledge. Ideal for competitive exam preparation and school quizzes.
GK: Natural Calamities (Flood and Earthquake) – MCQs
1. What is a flood?
a) A sudden shaking of the earth’s surface
b) An overflow of water onto normally dry land
c) A volcanic eruption
d) A snowfall
Answer: b) An overflow of water onto normally dry land
Explanation: A flood occurs when water overflows onto land that is usually dry, often due to heavy rain, river overflow, or dam failure.
2. Which of the following can cause a flood?
a) Heavy rainfall
b) Tsunami
c) Cyclone
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Floods can be caused by heavy rain, tsunamis (which bring large amounts of seawater inland), and cyclones (which cause storm surges).
3. What is an earthquake?
a) A sudden snowfall
b) A sudden shaking of the Earth’s surface
c) A massive fire in forests
d) A type of flood
Answer: b) A sudden shaking of the Earth’s surface
Explanation: Earthquakes are caused by the sudden movement of tectonic plates beneath the Earth’s surface, leading to shaking and vibrations.
4. Which instrument is used to measure earthquake intensity?
a) Barometer
b) Seismograph
c) Anemometer
d) Thermometer
Answer: b) Seismograph
Explanation: A seismograph records seismic waves generated by earthquakes, helping to measure their intensity and magnitude.
5. What is the point of origin of an earthquake called?
a) Epicenter
b) Focus
c) Crater
d) Hypocenter
Answer: b) Focus
Explanation: The focus is the point inside the Earth where the earthquake starts, and the epicenter is the point directly above it on the surface.
6. Which scale is used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake?
a) Richter scale
b) Celsius scale
c) Pascal scale
d) Decibel scale
Answer: a) Richter scale
Explanation: The Richter scale is a numerical scale that measures the magnitude (energy release) of an earthquake.
7. Which of the following can cause an earthquake?
a) Volcanic eruptions
b) Movement of tectonic plates
c) Human activities like mining
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Earthquakes can be caused by natural events like volcanic eruptions and tectonic movements, as well as human activities like mining and nuclear tests.
8. What is a tsunami?
a) A large ocean wave caused by an underwater earthquake
b) A type of flood caused by heavy rain
c) A volcanic eruption
d) A snowstorm
Answer: a) A large ocean wave caused by an underwater earthquake
Explanation: Tsunamis are massive waves generated by undersea earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides.
9. What should you do during an earthquake if you are indoors?
a) Run outside immediately
b) Take cover under a sturdy table or desk
c) Use the elevator
d) Stand next to a window
Answer: b) Take cover under a sturdy table or desk
Explanation: During an earthquake, taking cover under a sturdy table protects you from falling objects and debris.
10. Which country experiences the most earthquakes?
a) India
b) Japan
c) Canada
d) Brazil
Answer: b) Japan
Explanation: Japan is located on the Pacific Ring of Fire, where multiple tectonic plates meet, making it highly prone to earthquakes.
11. Which natural calamity is measured using flood gauges?
a) Earthquake
b) Flood
c) Volcano
d) Tsunami
Answer: b) Flood
Explanation: Flood gauges are used to measure the water level in rivers and other water bodies to predict floods.
12. What is the main cause of most earthquakes?
a) Movement of tectonic plates
b) Heavy rainfall
c) Cyclones
d) Deforestation
Answer: a) Movement of tectonic plates
Explanation: Earthquakes occur due to the movement and collision of tectonic plates beneath the Earth’s surface.
13. Which of the following is a primary effect of an earthquake?
a) Landslides
b) Ground shaking
c) Tsunamis
d) Flooding
Answer: b) Ground shaking
Explanation: The primary effect of an earthquake is the shaking of the ground, which can lead to other secondary effects like landslides and tsunamis.
14. What is a floodplain?
a) A dry desert area
b) A flat area near a river prone to flooding
c) A region with active volcanoes
d) A mountain range
Answer: b) A flat area near a river prone to flooding
Explanation: Floodplains are low-lying areas adjacent to rivers that are prone to flooding during heavy rains or river overflow.
15. Which factor increases the risk of flooding?
a) Deforestation
b) Urbanization
c) Heavy rainfall
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Deforestation reduces water absorption by soil, urbanization increases surface runoff, and heavy rainfall adds to the water volume, all contributing to floods.
16. What is liquefaction in an earthquake?
a) The melting of rocks due to high temperature
b) The process where solid ground turns into a liquid-like state due to shaking
c) The eruption of magma from a volcano
d) The cooling of lava
Answer: b) The process where solid ground turns into a liquid-like state due to shaking
Explanation: Liquefaction occurs when saturated soil loses its strength and behaves like a liquid during an earthquake, causing buildings and structures to collapse.
17. What type of fault causes the most powerful earthquakes?
a) Normal fault
b) Reverse fault
c) Strike-slip fault
d) Transform fault
Answer: b) Reverse fault
Explanation: Reverse faults occur due to compressional forces and often produce the most powerful earthquakes, especially in subduction zones.
18. What is a storm surge?
a) A sudden increase in wind speed
b) A rise in sea level due to a storm
c) A high-speed tornado
d) A volcanic eruption
Answer: b) A rise in sea level due to a storm
Explanation: A storm surge is the abnormal rise in seawater level caused by a storm, leading to coastal flooding.
19. What does the Mercalli scale measure?
a) Earthquake magnitude
b) Earthquake intensity based on observed effects
c) The speed of tsunamis
d) The depth of floodwaters
Answer: b) Earthquake intensity based on observed effects
Explanation: The Mercalli scale measures earthquake intensity based on the observed effects on people, buildings, and landscapes.
20. Which of these is a secondary effect of earthquakes?
a) Ground shaking
b) Fault rupture
c) Landslides
d) Tectonic movement
Answer: c) Landslides
Explanation: Secondary effects of earthquakes include landslides, tsunamis, and fires caused by infrastructure damage.
21. What is the main cause of landslides during an earthquake?
a) Strong winds
b) Heavy rainfall
c) Ground shaking
d) Tsunami waves
Answer: c) Ground shaking
Explanation: The vibrations caused by an earthquake can weaken slopes, leading to landslides in hilly or mountainous regions.
22. Which area is more prone to flooding?
a) Deserts
b) Coastal plains and riverbanks
c) Mountain tops
d) Plateaus
Answer: b) Coastal plains and riverbanks
Explanation: Areas near rivers and coastal regions are more susceptible to flooding due to high rainfall, storms, and rising sea levels.
23. What is the safest place to be during an earthquake?
a) Near windows
b) Under a sturdy table
c) Inside an elevator
d) On a bridge
Answer: b) Under a sturdy table
Explanation: Taking cover under a sturdy table protects from falling debris and provides a safer spot until the shaking stops.
24. How do dams help in flood control?
a) By allowing free flow of water
b) By storing excess water and releasing it gradually
c) By creating more water flow
d) By increasing rainfall
Answer: b) By storing excess water and releasing it gradually
Explanation: Dams help in flood control by storing water during heavy rains and releasing it in a controlled manner to prevent overflow.
25. What is the term for smaller earthquakes that occur after the main earthquake?
a) Foreshock
b) Aftershock
c) Tremor
d) Epicenter
Answer: b) Aftershock
Explanation: Aftershocks are smaller earthquakes that follow the main quake and can continue for days or weeks.
26. Which of the following is NOT a cause of tsunamis?
a) Underwater earthquakes
b) Volcanic eruptions
c) Landslides
d) Tornadoes
Answer: d) Tornadoes
Explanation: Tornadoes occur in the atmosphere and do not cause tsunamis, which result from underwater disturbances like earthquakes and landslides.
27. What should you do if a tsunami warning is issued?
a) Stay near the beach
b) Move to higher ground immediately
c) Take shelter under a tree
d) Drive towards the ocean to watch
Answer: b) Move to higher ground immediately
Explanation: Tsunamis can be highly destructive, so moving to higher ground away from the coast is the safest action.
28. What is the major difference between a flood and a flash flood?
a) Flash floods occur slowly, while normal floods happen quickly
b) Flash floods happen suddenly with little warning, while regular floods develop gradually
c) Flash floods occur in deserts only
d) Normal floods last only a few minutes
Answer: b) Flash floods happen suddenly with little warning, while regular floods develop gradually
Explanation: Flash floods develop rapidly due to heavy rain or dam failure, whereas regular floods build up over time.
29. Which human activity increases the risk of floods?
a) Deforestation
b) Construction of roads
c) Industrial pollution
d) Overfishing
Answer: a) Deforestation
Explanation: Cutting down trees reduces soil absorption of rainwater, leading to increased surface runoff and higher flood risk.
30. How can we reduce earthquake damage to buildings?
a) Constructing flexible and earthquake-resistant buildings
b) Using glass walls
c) Building on loose soil
d) Ignoring safety codes
Answer: a) Constructing flexible and earthquake-resistant buildings
Explanation: Earthquake-resistant buildings use flexible structures and reinforced materials to absorb seismic waves and reduce damage.
31. Which type of flood occurs due to the breaking of a dam?
a) Coastal flood
b) Flash flood
c) River flood
d) Urban flood
Answer: b) Flash flood
Explanation: When a dam breaks, a large volume of water is suddenly released, causing a flash flood with little warning.
32. What is the name of the zone where most earthquakes and volcanoes occur?
a) Tornado Alley
b) Pacific Ring of Fire
c) Hurricane Belt
d) Equator Zone
Answer: b) Pacific Ring of Fire
Explanation: The Pacific Ring of Fire is a region around the Pacific Ocean with frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions due to tectonic activity.
33. What is the best way to prepare for a flood?
a) Build houses in low-lying areas
b) Store emergency supplies and move to higher ground
c) Stay inside and wait for the water to recede
d) Block all doors and windows with furniture
Answer: b) Store emergency supplies and move to higher ground
Explanation: Preparing an emergency kit and evacuating to higher ground can reduce the risk of injury and loss during a flood.
34. Which of the following is an example of a secondary effect of an earthquake?
a) Ground shaking
b) Tsunami
c) Fault movement
d) Subsurface rupture
Answer: b) Tsunami
Explanation: A tsunami is a secondary effect of an earthquake that occurs when seismic activity displaces water, creating large waves.
35. Which of the following is NOT a man-made factor contributing to flooding?
a) Deforestation
b) Poor urban planning
c) Heavy rainfall
d) Improper drainage system
Answer: c) Heavy rainfall
Explanation: Heavy rainfall is a natural cause of flooding, whereas deforestation, poor urban planning, and inadequate drainage systems worsen flood risks.
36. What is the main difference between an earthquake and a volcanic eruption?
a) Earthquakes occur in the ocean, while volcanoes occur on land
b) Earthquakes are caused by tectonic plate movement, while volcanoes involve magma
c) Earthquakes are always more destructive than volcanoes
d) Volcanic eruptions occur every day, while earthquakes are rare
Answer: b) Earthquakes are caused by tectonic plate movement, while volcanoes involve magma
Explanation: Earthquakes result from the movement of Earth’s tectonic plates, whereas volcanic eruptions occur due to magma rising to the surface.
37. Which of the following factors increases earthquake damage?
a) Strong building structures
b) Deep earthquake focus
c) Loose soil foundation
d) Open land areas
Answer: c) Loose soil foundation
Explanation: Buildings constructed on loose soil are more vulnerable to damage because the ground amplifies seismic waves.
38. Which organization in India monitors earthquakes?
a) ISRO
b) Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)
c) NITI Aayog
d) Ministry of Environment
Answer: b) Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)
Explanation: The IMD is responsible for monitoring seismic activity and issuing earthquake alerts in India.
39. What is the best way to survive a flood if trapped in a house?
a) Stay in the basement
b) Move to the highest floor or rooftop
c) Open all doors and windows
d) Try to swim away immediately
Answer: b) Move to the highest floor or rooftop
Explanation: Moving to a higher level in the house keeps you above rising floodwaters and increases the chances of being rescued.
40. What should you do if an earthquake occurs while you are driving?
a) Stop the car in a safe place and stay inside
b) Drive faster to escape the quake
c) Park under a bridge or tunnel
d) Get out and run
Answer: a) Stop the car in a safe place and stay inside
Explanation: Stopping in an open area away from buildings and staying inside the car reduces the risk of injury from falling debris.
41. What is the term for the point on the Earth’s surface directly above the earthquake origin?
a) Hypocenter
b) Epicenter
c) Fault line
d) Seismic zone
Answer: b) Epicenter
Explanation: The epicenter is the point on the Earth’s surface directly above where the earthquake starts in the crust.
42. Which instrument is used to measure earthquake magnitude?
a) Barometer
b) Seismograph
c) Thermometer
d) Anemometer
Answer: b) Seismograph
Explanation: A seismograph detects and records the intensity and duration of an earthquake.
43. Which country experiences the most earthquakes?
a) India
b) Japan
c) Brazil
d) Canada
Answer: b) Japan
Explanation: Japan is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, making it highly prone to frequent and strong earthquakes.
44. What is the safest action to take during an earthquake if you are indoors?
a) Run outside immediately
b) Take cover under a sturdy table
c) Stand next to a glass window
d) Use an elevator
Answer: b) Take cover under a sturdy table
Explanation: Taking cover under a sturdy table protects against falling objects and debris.
45. What is the major cause of floods in coastal areas?
a) Drought
b) Tornadoes
c) Storm surges
d) Earthquakes
Answer: c) Storm surges
Explanation: Storm surges caused by hurricanes and cyclones lead to high tides and flooding in coastal areas.
46. Which of the following natural disasters can trigger a tsunami?
a) Tornado
b) Earthquake
c) Sandstorm
d) Wildfire
Answer: b) Earthquake
Explanation: Underwater earthquakes displace large volumes of water, causing giant waves known as tsunamis.
47. What should you do before a flood occurs?
a) Ignore weather warnings
b) Store emergency supplies and prepare an evacuation plan
c) Stay in the lowest area possible
d) Keep electronic devices near water sources
Answer: b) Store emergency supplies and prepare an evacuation plan
Explanation: Being prepared with emergency supplies and a clear evacuation route can save lives during a flood.
48. What are tectonic plates?
a) Floating masses of water
b) Large sections of Earth’s crust that move over time
c) Thick layers of ice
d) Underground rivers
Answer: b) Large sections of Earth’s crust that move over time
Explanation: Tectonic plates are massive slabs of Earth’s crust that move and interact, causing earthquakes and volcanic activity.
49. What is an earthquake’s focus?
a) The strongest shaking point on the surface
b) The depth where the earthquake originates
c) A fault line crack
d) A point in the ocean
Answer: b) The depth where the earthquake originates
Explanation: The focus (hypocenter) is the exact point underground where an earthquake begins.
50. What is a floodplain?
a) A region of mountains that experience floods
b) A flat area near a river that is prone to flooding
c) A desert region affected by flash floods
d) A coastline hit by tsunami waves
Answer: b) A flat area near a river that is prone to flooding
Explanation: A floodplain is a low-lying land near a river that often gets flooded when water levels rise.
51. What type of soil increases the risk of liquefaction during an earthquake?
a) Rocky soil
b) Clay soil
c) Loose, water-saturated sandy soil
d) Dry desert sand
Answer: c) Loose, water-saturated sandy soil
Explanation: Liquefaction occurs when loosely packed, water-saturated soil loses its strength due to earthquake shaking, causing the ground to behave like a liquid.
52. Which of the following is NOT a primary effect of an earthquake?
a) Ground shaking
b) Landslides
c) Surface rupture
d) Tsunami
Answer: d) Tsunami
Explanation: Tsunamis are a secondary effect of earthquakes, usually caused by underwater seismic activity displacing large volumes of water.
53. What is the primary cause of floods in river basins?
a) Melting of glaciers
b) Underground volcanic eruptions
c) Excessive rainfall
d) Air pollution
Answer: c) Excessive rainfall
Explanation: Heavy and continuous rainfall causes rivers to overflow their banks, leading to flooding in river basins.
54. What is the best way to protect yourself during a tsunami?
a) Stay near the shoreline
b) Run to a higher ground immediately
c) Swim against the waves
d) Take shelter in a basement
Answer: b) Run to a higher ground immediately
Explanation: Tsunami waves can travel fast and be extremely powerful, so moving to high ground as quickly as possible is the best safety measure.
55. What is the Richter scale used for?
a) Measuring hurricane wind speeds
b) Determining flood water levels
c) Measuring the magnitude of an earthquake
d) Recording the amount of rainfall
Answer: c) Measuring the magnitude of an earthquake
Explanation: The Richter scale measures the magnitude (energy release) of an earthquake on a logarithmic scale.
56. Which government agency in India is responsible for disaster management?
a) Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
b) National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
c) Geological Survey of India (GSI)
d) Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
Answer: b) National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
Explanation: NDMA is the government body responsible for formulating disaster preparedness plans and responding to natural calamities.
57. How can afforestation help in flood control?
a) By increasing humidity levels
b) By reducing soil erosion and improving water absorption
c) By lowering atmospheric pressure
d) By causing heavy rainfall
Answer: b) By reducing soil erosion and improving water absorption
Explanation: Trees help absorb excess rainwater, prevent soil erosion, and reduce runoff, lowering the risk of flooding.
58. What type of building materials are best suited for earthquake-prone areas?
a) Heavy concrete blocks
b) Brick and mortar structures
c) Reinforced steel and flexible materials
d) Glass and aluminum panels
Answer: c) Reinforced steel and flexible materials
Explanation: Earthquake-resistant buildings use reinforced steel and flexible materials to absorb seismic energy and reduce damage.
59. What should you avoid doing during an earthquake?
a) Running outside during shaking
b) Taking cover under a sturdy table
c) Dropping to the ground and protecting your head
d) Moving away from windows and heavy objects
Answer: a) Running outside during shaking
Explanation: Running outside increases the risk of getting injured by falling debris, collapsing walls, or broken glass.
60. Why are flood warning systems important?
a) They provide early alerts to allow evacuation
b) They measure the temperature of floodwater
c) They control the flow of rivers
d) They increase rainfall
Answer: a) They provide early alerts to allow evacuation
Explanation: Flood warning systems help authorities issue timely warnings so that people can evacuate and minimize damage.
61. What is the main cause of landslides during an earthquake?
a) Strong winds
b) Heavy rainfall
c) Ground shaking and soil loosening
d) High temperatures
Answer: c) Ground shaking and soil loosening
Explanation: Earthquake vibrations weaken the stability of slopes, causing landslides.
62. Which layer of the Earth is responsible for earthquakes?
a) Core
b) Mantle
c) Crust
d) Stratosphere
Answer: c) Crust
Explanation: Earthquakes occur in the Earth’s crust due to the movement of tectonic plates.
63. What is the major cause of river flooding?
a) Deforestation
b) Earthquake
c) Rising sea levels
d) Water pollution
Answer: a) Deforestation
Explanation: Deforestation reduces vegetation cover, leading to soil erosion and an increased risk of river flooding.
64. What is a storm surge?
a) A sudden increase in ocean temperature
b) A rise in sea level caused by a storm
c) An increase in wind speed during a tornado
d) A type of earthquake wave
Answer: b) A rise in sea level caused by a storm
Explanation: A storm surge occurs when strong winds push seawater onto coastal areas, causing flooding.
65. What is the purpose of an earthquake drill?
a) To practice running during an earthquake
b) To educate people on safety measures
c) To predict when an earthquake will happen
d) To measure seismic activity
Answer: b) To educate people on safety measures
Explanation: Earthquake drills help people learn how to respond safely during an earthquake.
66. Which of the following is an artificial cause of floods?
a) Heavy rainfall
b) Tsunami
c) Deforestation
d) Landslides
Answer: c) Deforestation
Explanation: Deforestation leads to reduced water absorption by soil, increasing the likelihood of floods.
67. What is the safest place to be during an earthquake?
a) Near a window
b) Under a sturdy table
c) In an elevator
d) On a staircase
Answer: b) Under a sturdy table
Explanation: Taking cover under a sturdy table protects against falling debris.
68. What does a floodplain zoning regulation do?
a) Prevents people from farming near rivers
b) Prohibits all construction in flood-prone areas
c) Restricts building in high-risk flood zones
d) Encourages building houses in low-lying areas
Answer: c) Restricts building in high-risk flood zones
Explanation: Floodplain zoning limits construction in flood-prone areas to reduce flood damage.
69. What should you do after an earthquake?
a) Return to a damaged building immediately
b) Check for injuries and help others
c) Light candles in case of power failure
d) Stand under a door frame
Answer: b) Check for injuries and help others
Explanation: After an earthquake, assisting the injured and ensuring safety should be the priority.
70. What is an early warning system for tsunamis based on?
a) Weather satellites
b) Sudden drops in sea level
c) Ocean wave patterns
d) Seismic activity detection
Answer: d) Seismic activity detection
Explanation: Tsunami early warning systems use seismic data to detect undersea earthquakes that may trigger tsunamis.
71. What type of energy is released during an earthquake?
a) Thermal energy
b) Sound energy
c) Seismic energy
d) Electrical energy
Answer: c) Seismic energy
Explanation: An earthquake releases seismic energy in the form of waves that travel through the Earth’s crust.
72. Which factor contributes the most to urban flooding?
a) Heavy snowfall
b) Poor drainage system
c) Desertification
d) High altitude
Answer: b) Poor drainage system
Explanation: In urban areas, inadequate drainage can cause heavy rainwater to accumulate, leading to floods.
73. What is the name of the device used to detect and record earthquake activity?
a) Thermometer
b) Seismometer
c) Barometer
d) Anemometer
Answer: b) Seismometer
Explanation: A seismometer records seismic waves and helps determine the magnitude of an earthquake.
74. Which of the following is NOT a natural cause of floods?
a) Tsunami
b) Cloudburst
c) Poor drainage
d) Snowmelt
Answer: c) Poor drainage
Explanation: Poor drainage is a human-caused factor, whereas tsunamis, cloudbursts, and snowmelt are natural causes of floods.
75. Which scale is used to measure the intensity of an earthquake based on observed effects?
a) Richter Scale
b) Mercalli Scale
c) Fujita Scale
d) Kelvin Scale
Answer: b) Mercalli Scale
Explanation: The Mercalli Scale measures earthquake intensity based on observed damage and human perception.
76. What is a flood control measure used in riverbanks?
a) Building roads
b) Constructing levees
c) Growing crops
d) Digging wells
Answer: b) Constructing levees
Explanation: Levees are embankments built along rivers to prevent floodwaters from spilling into nearby areas.
77. What is the term for an undersea earthquake that triggers giant waves?
a) Cyclone
b) Tsunami
c) Hurricane
d) Tornado
Answer: b) Tsunami
Explanation: A tsunami is caused by undersea earthquakes that displace large volumes of water.
78. How can mangroves help in preventing floods?
a) By reducing tidal waves
b) By increasing soil erosion
c) By blocking water flow
d) By attracting heavy rainfall
Answer: a) By reducing tidal waves
Explanation: Mangroves act as natural barriers, absorbing storm surges and reducing flood impact in coastal areas.
79. What is the safest way to evacuate during a flood?
a) Walk through deep water
b) Drive through floodwaters
c) Move to higher ground
d) Stay inside a vehicle
Answer: c) Move to higher ground
Explanation: Moving to higher ground reduces the risk of being swept away by floodwaters.
80. Which agency in India monitors earthquakes?
a) ISRO
b) Geological Survey of India (GSI)
c) National Centre for Seismology (NCS)
d) Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)
Answer: c) National Centre for Seismology (NCS)
Explanation: The NCS is responsible for monitoring and providing data on earthquakes in India.
81. What is the primary cause of an earthquake?
a) Volcanic eruptions
b) Movement of tectonic plates
c) Heavy rainfall
d) Changes in atmospheric pressure
Answer: b) Movement of tectonic plates
Explanation: Earthquakes occur due to the shifting of tectonic plates along fault lines.
82. What is the name of the point inside the Earth where an earthquake originates?
a) Epicenter
b) Hypocenter
c) Seismic center
d) Fault line
Answer: b) Hypocenter
Explanation: The hypocenter is the underground point where an earthquake begins.
83. Which natural disaster is often associated with aftershocks?
a) Flood
b) Earthquake
c) Tsunami
d) Cyclone
Answer: b) Earthquake
Explanation: Aftershocks are smaller tremors that follow the main earthquake.
84. Which of the following is a secondary effect of earthquakes?
a) Ground shaking
b) Fault rupture
c) Landslides
d) Seismic waves
Answer: c) Landslides
Explanation: Earthquakes can trigger landslides, especially in hilly or unstable areas.
85. What is the main reason why floodwaters are dangerous?
a) They are always very hot
b) They can carry debris and contaminants
c) They contain saltwater
d) They evaporate quickly
Answer: b) They can carry debris and contaminants
Explanation: Floodwaters often contain debris, sewage, and harmful chemicals, posing serious health risks.
86. Which type of flood occurs suddenly with little or no warning?
a) River flood
b) Coastal flood
c) Flash flood
d) Tsunami
Answer: c) Flash flood
Explanation: Flash floods develop quickly due to heavy rain or dam breaks and can be highly dangerous.
87. What is the purpose of a seismic retrofit?
a) To create artificial earthquakes
b) To strengthen buildings against earthquake damage
c) To increase the magnitude of earthquakes
d) To measure the speed of tectonic plates
Answer: b) To strengthen buildings against earthquake damage
Explanation: Seismic retrofitting involves modifying structures to make them more earthquake-resistant.
88. What should you do if you are in a car during an earthquake?
a) Drive as fast as possible
b) Stop in a safe place and stay inside
c) Exit the car immediately
d) Honk continuously
Answer: b) Stop in a safe place and stay inside
Explanation: It is safest to stay inside the vehicle and avoid stopping near bridges, buildings, or trees.
89. Which Indian river is most prone to flooding?
a) Yamuna
b) Brahmaputra
c) Narmada
d) Mahanadi
Answer: b) Brahmaputra
Explanation: The Brahmaputra River frequently floods during monsoons, affecting large parts of Assam.
90. What is the best way to prepare for a flood?
a) Ignore weather warnings
b) Store emergency supplies and create an evacuation plan
c) Build homes near riverbanks
d) Travel during heavy rain
Answer: b) Store emergency supplies and create an evacuation plan
Explanation: Being prepared with food, water, and an evacuation plan increases survival chances during a flood.
91. What should you do if you are indoors during an earthquake?
a) Run outside immediately
b) Take cover under a sturdy table
c) Stand near windows
d) Use an elevator to escape
Answer: b) Take cover under a sturdy table
Explanation: Taking cover under a sturdy table protects against falling debris.
92. What causes a tsunami?
a) Heavy rainfall
b) Underwater earthquake or volcanic eruption
c) Strong winds
d) Tornadoes
Answer: b) Underwater earthquake or volcanic eruption
Explanation: A tsunami is generated when an underwater earthquake or volcanic eruption displaces a large volume of water.
93. Which instrument is used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake?
a) Thermometer
b) Seismograph
c) Barometer
d) Anemometer
Answer: b) Seismograph
Explanation: A seismograph records seismic waves and helps measure earthquake magnitude.
94. What is the primary effect of an earthquake?
a) Tsunamis
b) Ground shaking
c) Flooding
d) Landslides
Answer: b) Ground shaking
Explanation: Ground shaking is the immediate effect of an earthquake caused by the release of seismic energy.
95. Which factor can make floods worse in urban areas?
a) High population density
b) Concrete surfaces and poor drainage
c) Presence of large rivers
d) High-rise buildings
Answer: b) Concrete surfaces and poor drainage
Explanation: Concrete surfaces prevent water absorption, and poor drainage can lead to severe flooding.
96. What should you do if you are caught in a flood?
a) Move to higher ground immediately
b) Stay in low-lying areas
c) Try to swim through the floodwaters
d) Wait inside a car
Answer: a) Move to higher ground immediately
Explanation: Moving to higher ground reduces the risk of drowning in floodwaters.
97. What is the name of the process by which the ground temporarily behaves like a liquid during an earthquake?
a) Seismic drift
b) Liquefaction
c) Ground rupture
d) Plate tectonics
Answer: b) Liquefaction
Explanation: Liquefaction occurs when saturated soil loses its strength and behaves like a liquid due to seismic shaking.
98. Which state in India is most prone to earthquakes?
a) Rajasthan
b) Maharashtra
c) Assam
d) Kerala
Answer: c) Assam
Explanation: Assam lies in a seismically active zone and has experienced strong earthquakes.
99. How do dams help in flood control?
a) By blocking river flow completely
b) By storing excess water and releasing it gradually
c) By increasing rainfall
d) By diverting all water to urban areas
Answer: b) By storing excess water and releasing it gradually
Explanation: Dams help regulate river flow, preventing sudden flooding.
100. What is the safest action to take during a tsunami warning?
a) Move to the beach to watch the waves
b) Immediately move to higher ground
c) Wait for official confirmation before evacuating
d) Stay in a low-lying area
Answer: b) Immediately move to higher ground
Explanation: Moving to higher ground reduces the risk of being caught in the tsunami waves.
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