ANAND CLASSES study material and notes to learn about carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and essential nutrients. Explore modes of nutrition, including autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition, with assertion and reason questions for better concept clarity.
Assertion and Reason Questions for topic Nutrition of Chapter Life Processes Class 10
Question 1
Assertion (A): Carbohydrates are the most common foods for getting energy.
Reason (R): Carbohydrates like glucose and starch are essential nutrients that provide energy to organisms.
Answer: (A) and (R) are both correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Explanation: Carbohydrates, including simple sugars like glucose and complex sugars like starch, are the primary sources of energy in most organisms. They are easily broken down to release energy, making them a common and efficient energy source.
Question 2
Assertion (A): Proteins are primarily used as an energy source in the body.
Reason (R): Proteins and mineral salts are mainly used for the biosynthesis of body constituents like skin and blood.
Answer: (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Explanation: Proteins are not primarily used for energy. Instead, they play a key role in growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues. Only when carbohydrates and fats are insufficient does the body use proteins for energy.
Question 3
Assertion (A): The process of consuming food and utilizing it is called nutrition.
Reason (R): Nutrition includes both the intake of nutrients and their utilization by an organism.
Answer: (A) and (R) are both correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Explanation: Nutrition involves the intake of food as well as its processing to extract nutrients essential for energy, growth, and repair. It is a fundamental process necessary for survival.
Question 4
Assertion (A): All organisms obtain food in the same way.
Reason (R): Organisms are classified into autotrophs and heterotrophs based on their mode of nutrition.
Answer: (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Explanation: Different organisms have different methods of procuring food. Autotrophs, such as plants, prepare their own food through photosynthesis, while heterotrophs, such as animals and fungi, depend on other organisms for their nutrition.
Question 5
Assertion (A): Fats and proteins are never used as sources of energy.
Reason (R): Only carbohydrates are used for energy production in the body.
Answer: Both (A) and (R) are false.
Explanation: While carbohydrates are the primary energy source, fats and proteins can also be used for energy when needed. Fats serve as long-term energy storage, and proteins may be broken down for energy under extreme conditions.
Question 6
Assertion (A): Glucose is the simplest form of carbohydrate.
Reason (R): Starch is a complex carbohydrate made from glucose molecules.
Answer: (A) and (R) are both correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Explanation: Glucose is a simple sugar (monosaccharide) that serves as the basic unit of complex carbohydrates like starch (polysaccharide). Starch is formed by linking multiple glucose molecules together.
Question 7
Assertion (A): All nutrients are organic substances.
Reason (R): Nutrients include carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.
Answer: (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Explanation: Nutrients can be both organic (carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins) and inorganic (minerals and water). Therefore, not all nutrients are organic substances.
Question 8
Assertion (A): Water is not considered a nutrient because it does not provide energy.
Reason (R): Nutrients are substances required for the maintenance of life and survival of an organism.
Answer: (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Explanation: Water is a vital nutrient, even though it does not provide energy. It is essential for biochemical reactions, transport of substances, and regulation of body temperature.
Question 9
Assertion (A): Heterotrophic organisms can produce their own food.
Reason (R): Heterotrophic organisms depend on other organisms for their nutrition.
Answer: (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Explanation: Heterotrophs cannot produce their own food like autotrophs. Instead, they obtain food from plants or other organisms. Examples include animals, fungi, and most bacteria.
Question 10
Assertion (A): Vitamins are essential for normal growth and development.
Reason (R): Vitamins provide energy to the body like carbohydrates and fats.
Answer: (A) is true, but (R) is false.
Explanation: Vitamins are essential for various biochemical functions, including growth, immunity, and enzyme activity, but they do not provide energy like carbohydrates and fats. Instead, they help regulate metabolic processes.
Question 11
Assertion (A): Autotrophic nutrition involves the intake of ready-made organic food.
Reason (R): Autotrophs synthesize their own food using sunlight or chemical energy.
Answer: (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Explanation: Autotrophs, like plants, make their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. They do not rely on consuming ready-made organic food like heterotrophs.
Question 12
Assertion (A): Proteins are made up of amino acids.
Reason (R): Proteins are used primarily as an energy source in the human body.
Answer: (A) is true, but (R) is false.
Explanation: Proteins are composed of amino acids, which are essential for growth and repair. However, proteins are not primarily used as an energy source; they are mainly for building body tissues.
Question 13
Assertion (A): Fats are a better source of energy than carbohydrates.
Reason (R): Fats provide more than double the energy compared to carbohydrates per gram.
Answer: (A) and (R) are both correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Explanation: Fats provide 9 kcal of energy per gram, whereas carbohydrates provide only 4 kcal per gram. Thus, fats are a more concentrated source of energy.
Question 14
Assertion (A): All organisms require nutrients for survival.
Reason (R): Nutrients are used by organisms for energy and biosynthesis of body components.
Answer: (A) and (R) are both correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Explanation: Every living organism needs nutrients to sustain life, either for energy production or for growth and repair. Autotrophs synthesize their own nutrients, while heterotrophs consume them from external sources.
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