Introduction to Geostationary Satellite
A geostationary satellite is an artificial satellite that orbits the Earth at the same rotational speed as the planet. It remains fixed above a particular point on the equator, making it ideal for communication, weather monitoring, and broadcasting.
Important Questions and Answers on Geostationary Satellites
Q1: What is a geostationary satellite?
A: A geostationary satellite is an Earth-orbiting satellite positioned at approximately 35,786 km (22,236 miles) above the equator. It orbits in sync with the Earth’s rotation, appearing stationary to observers on the ground.
Q2: What is the time period of a geostationary satellite?
A: The time period of a geostationary satellite is 24 hours, which matches the Earth’s rotational period.
Q3: What are the applications of geostationary satellites?
A:
- Communication (TV, internet, telephony)
- Weather forecasting (meteorological satellites)
- GPS and navigation systems
- Remote sensing and surveillance
Q4: What are the conditions for a satellite to be geostationary?
A: The satellite must:
- Be at an altitude of 35,786 km above the Earth’s surface.
- Orbit in the equatorial plane.
- Have an orbital period of 24 hours.
- Move in the same direction as Earth’s rotation (west to east).
Q5: How is a geostationary satellite different from a polar satellite?
A:
| Feature | Geostationary Satellite | Polar Satellite |
|---|---|---|
| Orbit Type | Equatorial | Polar |
| Altitude | ~35,786 km | 500–800 km |
| Coverage | Fixed region | Entire Earth |
| Use Case | Communication, weather monitoring | Earth observation, reconnaissance |
Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) on Geostationary Satellites
Q1: What is the altitude of a geostationary satellite?
A) 500 km
B) 2000 km
C) 35,786 km
D) 50,000 km
Answer: C) 35,786 km
Explanation: Geostationary satellites orbit at this specific height to maintain a synchronous orbit with Earth.
Q2: A geostationary satellite orbits in which direction?
A) East to West
B) West to East
C) North to South
D) South to North
Answer: B) West to East
Explanation: It moves in the same direction as Earth’s rotation to remain fixed above one point.
Q3: How many geostationary satellites are needed for global communication coverage?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 10
D) 24
Answer: B) 3
Explanation: Three satellites, spaced 120° apart, can cover almost the entire Earth except for the polar regions.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Geostationary Satellites
Q1: Can a geostationary satellite be used for GPS?
A: No, GPS satellites operate in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) at an altitude of around 20,000 km, whereas geostationary satellites are used mainly for communication and weather monitoring.
Q2: Why do geostationary satellites not cover the polar regions?
A: Since they orbit along the equator, their signals do not effectively reach the high-latitude polar regions.
Q3: How do geostationary satellites stay in orbit?
A: The balance between Earth’s gravitational pull and the centrifugal force due to the satellite’s motion keeps it in orbit.
Q4: How long do geostationary satellites last?
A: Typically, 10-15 years due to fuel limitations for station-keeping and eventual orbital decay.
Test Your Knowledge
Geostationary Satellite Quiz
Conclusion
Geostationary satellites play a vital role in global communication, weather forecasting, and surveillance. Their fixed position relative to Earth makes them invaluable for continuous data transmission and monitoring.
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Written by: Neeraj Anand
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