Reorganisation of States–For NDA, CDS, UPSC, AFCAT, RRB, IBPS-PO, SSC, KVS, CLAT Exams
Q1: What are the constitutional provisions regarding the reorganisation of states?
A:
- Article 2 empowers Parliament to admit new states into the Union or establish new states on terms and conditions it deems fit.
- Article 3 grants Parliament the authority to:
- Form a new state from any existing state.
- Alter the boundaries or names of states.
- Increase or decrease the area of a state.
- Such a Bill must be introduced only with the President’s recommendation.
- The President refers the Bill to the concerned State Legislature for views but is not bound by them.
- Exception: For Jammu and Kashmir, the consent of the State Legislature is required before introducing a Bill in Parliament.
- Parliament can pass such a Bill by simple majority and through the ordinary legislative procedure.
Q2: What was the role of the States Reorganisation Commission?
A:
- The first commission for state reorganisation was appointed under S.K. Dhar.
- It prioritized administrative convenience over linguistic factors.
- Due to widespread dissatisfaction, the JVP Committee (1948) was formed, consisting of Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallabhbhai Patel, and Pattabhi Sitaramayya.
- The first state created on a linguistic basis was Andhra Pradesh (1953), separated from Madras.
- This led to the formation of the States Reorganisation Commission (1953) under Fazal Ali, which significantly influenced state boundaries.
Formation of States after 1950s
Here is a well-structured table summarizing the formation of states in India after the 1950s:
| State | Year of Formation | Formation Details |
|---|---|---|
| Andhra Pradesh | 1953 | Formed by the State of Andhra Pradesh Act, 1953, by carving out some areas from Madras State. |
| Kerala | 1956 | Formed by the State Reorganisation Act, 1956, comprising Travancore and Cochin areas. |
| Karnataka | 1956 | Formed from the princely state of Mysore by the State Reorganisation Act, 1956. Renamed Karnataka in 1973. |
| Gujarat & Maharashtra | 1960 | The State of Bombay was divided into Maharashtra and Gujarat by the Bombay (Reorganisation) Act, 1960. |
| Nagaland | 1963 | Carved out of Assam (now Asom) by the State of Nagaland Act, 1962. |
| Haryana | 1966 | Created from Punjab by the Punjab (Reorganisation) Act, 1966. |
| Himachal Pradesh | 1971 | Upgraded from Union Territory to full state by the State of Himachal Pradesh Act, 1970. |
| Meghalaya | 1972 | First became a sub-state within Assam in 1969. Became a full-fledged state by the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971. |
| Manipur & Tripura | 1972 | Elevated from Union Territories to full states by the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971. |
| Sikkim | 1975 | Became an associate state in 1974 (35th Constitutional Amendment). Became a full state in 1975 (36th Amendment). Previously an Indian protectorate (1947-1974). |
| Mizoram | 1987 | Became a full state by the State of Mizoram Act, 1986. |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 1987 | Became a full state by the State of Arunachal Pradesh Act, 1986. |
| Goa | 1987 | Separated from the Union Territory of Goa, Daman, and Diu by the Goa, Daman, and Diu Reorganisation Act, 1987. Daman and Diu remained a Union Territory. |
| Chhattisgarh | 2000 | Created as the 26th state on 1st November 2000, by dividing Madhya Pradesh. |
| Uttarakhand | 2000 | Created as the 27th state (initially called Uttaranchal) on 9th November 2000, by dividing Uttar Pradesh. Renamed Uttarakhand in 2007. |
| Jharkhand | 2000 | Created as the 28th state on 15th November 2000, by dividing Bihar. |
| Telangana | 2014 | Created as the 29th state on 2nd June 2014, separated from Andhra Pradesh. Hyderabad remains the joint capital for both states for 10 years. Formed based on the Shri Krishna Committee Report. |
MCQs on Reorganisation of States
Q1: Which Article of the Indian Constitution empowers Parliament to create a new state?
A) Article 1
B) Article 2
C) Article 3
D) Article 4
Answer: C) Article 3
Explanation: Article 3 grants Parliament the power to form a new state, alter boundaries, or rename a state.
Q2: What was the first state formed on a linguistic basis?
A) Gujarat
B) Andhra Pradesh
C) Maharashtra
D) Karnataka
Answer: B) Andhra Pradesh
Explanation: Andhra Pradesh was created in 1953 by separating Telugu-speaking areas from Madras.
Q3: Who was the chairman of the States Reorganisation Commission?
A) S.K. Dhar
B) Pattabhi Sitaramayya
C) Fazal Ali
D) J.L. Nehru
Answer: C) Fazal Ali
Explanation: The States Reorganisation Commission (1953) was chaired by Fazal Ali, which led to the redrawing of state boundaries.
Q4: The JVP Committee was formed in response to which issue?
A) Economic reforms
B) Linguistic reorganisation of states
C) Defence policy
D) Reservation policy
Answer: B) Linguistic reorganisation of states
Explanation: The JVP Committee was set up in 1948 to address demands for state reorganisation on linguistic lines.
FAQs on Reorganisation of States
Q1: Can a new state be formed without consulting the concerned State Legislature?
A: The President must refer the Bill to the State Legislature, but Parliament is not bound by its views.
Q2: How does Parliament pass a Bill to reorganise states?
A: A Bill for state reorganisation requires only a simple majority in Parliament.
Q3: Which state was the first to be reorganised on a linguistic basis?
A: Andhra Pradesh was the first state formed on a linguistic basis in 1953.
Q4: What role did the Fazal Ali Commission play in state reorganisation?
A: It recommended linguistic-based reorganisation, leading to the 1956 States Reorganisation Act.
Q5: What are the key challenges in state reorganisation today?
A: Political, economic, and cultural factors play a major role in demands for new states, making reorganisation complex.
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